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What are the implications of a third heart sound in patients with valvular heart disease ?

What are the implications of a third heart sound in patients with valvular heart disease ? • in patients with mitral regurgitation, they are common but do not necessarily reflect ventricular systolic dysfunction or increased filling pressure (N Engl J Med 1992: 327: 458-62). • In patients with aortic stenosis, third heart sounds are uncommon but usually indicate the presence of systolic dysfunction and raised filling pressure.

What are the causes of a third heart sound ?

What are the causes of a third heart sound ? Physiological : in normal children and young adults. Pathological: • Heart failure. • kelt ventricular dilatation without failure: mitral regurgitation, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus. • Right ventricular S3 in right ventricular failure, tricuspid regurgitation.

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