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What are the causes of spastic paraparesis ?

What are the causes of spastic paraparesis ?   Youth: • Trauma. • Multiple sclerosis. • Friedreich's ataxia. • HIV.   Adults': • Multiple sclerosis. • HIV (Neurology 1989; 39: 892). • Trauma (motor vehicle or diving accident). • Spinal cord tumour (meningioma, neuroma). • Motor neuron disease. • Syringomyelia. • Subacute combined degeneration of the cord (associated peripheral neuropathy). • Tabes dorsalis. • Transverse myelitis. • Familial spastic paraplegia.   Elderly: • Osteoarthritis of the cervical spine. • Vitamin deficiency. • Metastatic carcinoma. • Anterior spinal artery thrombosis. • Atherosclerosis of spinal cord vasculature.

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