What is the pacemaker syndrome ?
It is seen in individuals with a single-chamber pacemaker who experience symptoms of low cardiac output (dizziness, etc.) when erect; it is attributed to the lack of atrial kick. Pacemaker syndrome is caused by haemodynamic changes as a consequence of inappropriate use of ventricular pacing: it occurs when ventricular pacing is uncoupled from atrial contraction.
It is most common when the VVI mode is used in patients with sinus rhythm but can occur in any pacing mode when atrioventricular synchrony is lost. Levels of atrial natriuretic factor are high in pacemaker syndrome.
If pacemaker syndrome occurs in a patient with a VV1 pacemaker the only definitive treatment is to convert to a dual-chamber pacemaker. If the patient has occasional bradycardia then often symptoms may be ameliorated by programming the pacemaker to a lower limit and programming with hysteresis 'on'.
This allows the patient to stay in normal sinus rhythm for longer periods by minimizing the pacing.
Lexo edhe:
It is seen in individuals with a single-chamber pacemaker who experience symptoms of low cardiac output (dizziness, etc.) when erect; it is attributed to the lack of atrial kick. Pacemaker syndrome is caused by haemodynamic changes as a consequence of inappropriate use of ventricular pacing: it occurs when ventricular pacing is uncoupled from atrial contraction.
It is most common when the VVI mode is used in patients with sinus rhythm but can occur in any pacing mode when atrioventricular synchrony is lost. Levels of atrial natriuretic factor are high in pacemaker syndrome.
If pacemaker syndrome occurs in a patient with a VV1 pacemaker the only definitive treatment is to convert to a dual-chamber pacemaker. If the patient has occasional bradycardia then often symptoms may be ameliorated by programming the pacemaker to a lower limit and programming with hysteresis 'on'.
This allows the patient to stay in normal sinus rhythm for longer periods by minimizing the pacing.
loading...
Lexo edhe:
