What are the causes of a raised jugular venous pulsations ?
• Congestive cardiac failure.
• CDr pulmonale.
• Tricuspid regurgitation (prominent 'v' waves).
• Tricuspid stenosis (prominent 'a' waves).
• Complete heart block (cannon waves).
• Non-pulsatile neck veins seen in superior venal caval obstruction.
Lexo edhe:
• Congestive cardiac failure.
• CDr pulmonale.
• Tricuspid regurgitation (prominent 'v' waves).
• Tricuspid stenosis (prominent 'a' waves).
• Complete heart block (cannon waves).
• Non-pulsatile neck veins seen in superior venal caval obstruction.
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Lexo edhe: